A Summary of Iranian History     Mohammad Reza too, fairly followed in the footsteps of his father for 37 years of his reign. Following the events leading to nationalization of oil, he was reinstated subsequent to a coup and while England's position with this rule began to deteriorate, the United States gained more influence and power in the country's political, economic and culture affairs. As his father, Mohammad-Reza too was strongly against the presence and involvement of clergymen in the socio-political scene.   After his forced summary referendum concerning the so-called "Agriculture and land reforms" or the allocation of farmland to farmers, Iran's dependence on imported goods, false employment due to relocation of farmers in cities, and "Consumerism", as opposed to "Production", increased sharply which were strongly opposed by the time's scholors and theologians, particulary the late Imam Khomeini. The opposition of both religious scholars and the people to the government in 1963 as well as army's assault on Qom's theological school (Iran's main center for training theologians) coupled with martydom of a large number of those students and the people, paved the grounds for escalation of religious movement within the country and their determination to take over the political arena, materialization of the idea of "unity of politics and religion" in the form of the Islamic Republic of Iran and uprooting of 2500 years of the Kings' despotic rule in this country.   With the victory of the Islamic revolution, for the first time ever the people of Iran went to the polls in April 1979 and voted in favour of the establishment of the Islamic republican system with an overwhelming majority of over 98.8 percent. The assembly of experts then embarked upon formulating the Constitutional law of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This Constitutional law was ofcourse approved by the vote of the Iranian nation. The significant point, however, was the united presence of the people in the presidential election, elections for the Islamic consultative assembly as well as other relevant elections which took place one after the other in order to determine the major and fundamental organs and institutions of the Islamic system.   With the establishment of the Islamic government many conspiracies were hatched by the world imperialism. Fortunately, all of them failed due to the presence of the Iranian people on the scenes. The gravest of such conspiracy, hatched with the main objectives of weakening and paralyzing Iran's economic and political system and the occupation of the fertile land of Khuzistan, was Iraqi regime's invasion of Iran directly provoked by the United States in 1980 -- that was only two years following the victory of the Islamic revolution. The war continued for 8 years and included the most savage bombings and chemical attacks leaving much destruction and damages in 4 border provinces of the country in the South and the West. Hundreds of thousands of the best and most faithful forces were martyred or disabled in the war and millions of people became homeless as a result of the war.